Roll film camera having differential means for operating pressure pads



Jan. 17, 1950 L. D. NADEL 2,

ROLL FILM CAMERA HAVING DIFFERENTIAL MEANS FOR OPERATING PRESSURE PADS 4Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 19, 1946 Jan. 17, 1950 1.. D. NADEL ROLL FILMCAMERA HAVING DIFFERENTIAL MEANS FOR OPERATING PRESSURE PADS 4Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 19, 1946 INVENTOR. LouisDlVadeZ.

n [all ll nlnlrlli'lillll""llllf Jan. 17, 1950 L. D. NADEL 2,495,019

ROLL FILM CAMERA HAVING DIFFERENTIAL MEANS FOR OPERATIN G PRESSURE PADS4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed April 19, 1946 IN V EN TOR.

A Imm- Jan. 17, 1950 L. D. NADEL 2,495,019

4 ROLL FILM CAMERA HAVING DIFFERENTIAL MEANS FOR OPERATING PRESSURE PADSFiled April 19, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 llllllllll ll-l lllllliaalllllnllll lllIIIIII-II" diiiys iatented Jan. 17, 1950 MEANS-TOROPERATING PRESSURE PADS;

L'ouisD. Nadel, Rochester, N..Y assignor to Graflex, Inc., Rochester, N.Y;; a corporation of Delaware Application Aliifflf195 1946,,S8Bi1iLN0.663,541 31- Claims-., (01. 95-31) This invention relates to filmfeedmechanismfor use particularly inconjunction with powerdrivencameras.

In order that-the principle of-the invention may be readily understood,1' have disclosedas single embodiment thereof in the accompanying.

drawings, Wherein- Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a power drivenpho thecover plate removed:

tographic camera having and showing the location of v the several partsof my invention;

Fig. 2 1s atransverse-sectionthrough a photo-.. graphic camera. showing.the drive-motors; film spools, film idler roll,filmmeasuring.roll,gfilm;

pressure pad, and.pressure-padiactua ameo iq the pressure padIiftingbai';

Fig. 4 is'an enlarged; fragmentarydetail of Fi 1, some of thepartshavingbeenremoved most,

clearly to show the construotionpi the,fi1m rewind mechanism, the partswhereof are-in the position occupied during filmieed;

Fig.5 is a fragmentary detail similartoFig. 4, but showin themechanismin the position when.

no film is being fed;

Fig. 6 is an endview of Fig. partiallyinseotion most clearly to'show.the mechanism;

Fig. 7 is atop plan view of Fig. 5; and.

Fig. 8 is averticai sectionthrough Fig, 5, on theline 8-.8 thereof.

Fig. 3 is av detail partly in sectiomtakenat,

There have been used many different types f...

film feed mechanism for the purposeoi, d awin film across the exposureaperture of the camera,

with means to control or meter the amount of;

film so drawn across the exposure aperture forany given camera cycleThis is usually accomplished through some type of clutching means;

that must be accurately synchronized with the camera mechanism. It is ageneral practice in type to which my-lnventicn is; 40

cameras of the particularly applicableto employ-a pressure-pad? forholding the sensitized material firmly in contact with the exposureapertureframe.

by the camera mechanism and; of course, his

necessary accurately to time the action ofthe' pressure pad with-thefeeding of film, so that the pressure pad may-beremoved from contactwith the film strip durin that part of the. cycle. in which the film ismoving, and itis essential that the pressure pad be in contactwith thehim during exposure.

In my invention the position of: the pressure;

pad is controlled by: the mechanism forewinding the. film incidentto,eXp0sure,.; and it isgimpossi -a.

These pressure pads heretofore have been controlled ble for the pressurepad to become out of time with the film feed, which might occur in otherconstructionsin the event of improperassembly orthe shifting of somecomponent ofthe cycling mechanism, thusthrowing the pressure pad op-This oration out'of time-with the film drive. cannot happen withany-invention as the pressure-pad operation is, as-stated, controlled bythe winding of the film incident to exposure, as will beset forth indetail herein.

One of the objects ot-my invention isto provide a: film feed drivemechanism that is always positive in its action. Other objects of theinvention areto provide 8;: film feedv drive that also controls theaction of 'the. pressure. pad, to provide afilm; feed mechanism whereinthe pres-... sure pad is positively lifted from contact with the. film;strip before. the. filmstarts to, move, and to;

provide. a-.film; feed driveand pressure mechanism wherein the pressure.padv is returned into contactvwith thev film stripat th completionofhefilmi eda ycle-z.

, While not; restricted thereto, my invention relates more particularlyto power driven cameras, suchas aerial cameras, as most clearlydisclosed in the-application-of Archie H. Gorey, filed 0.0--

tober 23, 1945, Serial No. 623,913, and in the ensuing descriptionIwillreferonly to those parts disclosed therein that are necessary for aclear understanding of myinvention herein claimed and shown butnotclaimed in said Gorey application;

Referring more particularly to. the drawings:

In Fig. l a mechanism housing. of a camera isv '7 shownat 20, the coverplate thereof having been.

removed. Attached to the housing 20 is a mechanism plate 2|,- it beingsecured in position by means oiscrews 22, 22; Also attached to themechanismplate 2i isa motor mounting plate prbracket, indicatedin dottedlines at 23, and

secured to the'mechanism plate 2| by means of rivets 24; 2,4. Separatelyattached to the motor mounting plate or bracket-23; by means of boltsindicated-at 25, 25, are motors 26; 21 shownalso in Fig. 2.

The motor is provided with a pinion 28, and-- the motor?! isprovidedwith a pinion 23a; The said pinions 28, ZSamesh with alargedrivegean 29 having a pinion 30 meshing. with an idler gear J 31which is provided with a pinion 32 meshing with afilmrewind gear 33-which is itself providedrwith apinion 3.4:, meshing with a gear 35;,

carried on a rocker arm 35, better, shown in Fig.

i to which figurev attention is particularly di-w rected. Asthereshowmcarried on the said rockis provided with a right-handextending member or part 43 to which is attached an armature' member 44.Also secured to the said member 43 is a spring 45, the opposite endwhereof is attached to a pin 46 upon the mechanism plate 2 I.

Also secured to the said mechanism plate 2| is a latch member 41 pivotedon a shoulder screw 48. The said latch member 47 is provided with asubsequently-described dog 49 and with a righthand extending finger 59,to which latter is attached a spring the opposite end whereof is securedto the pin 46, previously referred to.

Referring again to Fig. 1, also fastened to the mechanism plate 2I is aswitch 52, it being secured by means of screws 53, 53. The said switch52 is actuated by a sliding bar 54 mounted on an upturned lip 55 of thesaid mechanism plate 2|, and attached thereto by shoulder rivets 56, 56.To the right-hand end of the said sliding bar 54 is secured a turned-upmember 51 having a finger 58 that is contacted or engaged by a pin 59when the camera shutter is fully rewound, and by a pin 60 when theshutter is in its run-down condition. The said pins 59 and 60 arecarried by a shutter curtain gear 6|, more fully referred tosubsequently.

In Fig. 2 there is shown in cross section the camera magazine wherein afilm supply spool 62 is suitably mounted and also a take-up spool 63,both being of the conventional type used in aerial cameras. Wound on thesaid film supply spool 62 is shown a film 64 that passes over ameasuring roller 65 having a shaft 6b, under a pressure pad 67, aroundan idler 68 provided with a shaft 69, and thence onto the film take-upspool 63. The said pressure pad 67 is provided with a pair of pressuresprings "I0, one only being shown, and with a pair of pressure padpositioning members II, only one being shown in section, Fig. 2. Thesaid positioning member 'II is secured to the pressure pad 61 by rivetsI2, I2. Positioned in the fi m magazine, as clearly shown in Fig. 3, isa pressure pad actuating shaft or member 13 having notches I4, 14. Oneend of the pressure pad operating member I3 is carried on a pin I5 andis secured to one wall of the magazine by a retaining member '18 and ascrew 71. The opposite end of the pressure pad operating member I3 iscarried on a pin I8 having a threaded portion I9 and a head 80. The saidthreaded portion 19 is threaded into the opposite side of the magazinebody, thus providing a second bearing for the pressure pad operatingmember I3, and secured to the said pressure pad operating member 13 is acrank member 8I attached to a pressure pad operating link 82 by means ofa shoulder rivet 83. The other end of the link 82 is connected to adifferential arm 84 by a shoulder screw 85. The said differential arm 84and its function will be more clearly de scribed subsequently.

Again referring to Fig. 1, secured to the mechanism plate 2| is a switch85 held to the said mechanism plate 2| by screws 81, 81. Also secured tothe said mechanism plate 2| is a switchoperating member 88 held theretoby shoulder screws 89, 89. To the upper end of the said switch operatingmember 88 is fastened an 'L- shaped adjustable member 90 by means ofscrews 9|, 9|. The said L-shaped member 90 is provided with anadjusting, lengthwise-extending slot 92 to provide means for adjustingthe L- shaped member 90 with respect to the switchoperating member 88.The latter member is also provided with a pin 93 that engages a notch 94of an index disk 95, to be referred to more at length subsequently. Thelower end of the said switch-operating member 88 is provided with anextending finger 96 engaged by a cam block 91 of a gear 98. The saidgear 98 meshes with a capping curtain pinion 99, shown in dotted linesin Fig. 1. The said capping curtain pinion 99 is fitted to a shaft I00which is in turn securely attached to a capping curtain roller ml. Thesaid index disk is mounted on a gear I02 and rotates therewith. The saidgear I02 and the said index disk 95 are carried on a shoulder screw I03,shown in dotted lines in Fig. I, which is fitted into the mechanismplate 2|. Meshing with the said gear I02 is a pinion I04 carried on themeasuring roller shaft 66, previously referred to.

When the gear 98 is in the position shown in Fig. 1, the switchoperating arm 88 is held in an upward direction by the cam 91, thuspreventing the pin 93 from riding on the periphery of the index disk 95.However, when the gear 98 is turned through the operation of the camerashutter, the cam block 91 will be removed from the finger 96, allowingthe pin 93 to ride on the periphery of the index disk 95, and as film isbeing wound, the gear I04 is turned through the measuring roll 65, thusturning the gear I02, and since the switch operating arm 88 is biased bya suitably supported spring I05 in a downward direction, the pin 93 willdrop into the notch 94 of the index disk 95 when the said notch 94reaches a position to receive the pin 93, thus operating the switch 86.This mechanism will be again referred to when the full operation of theinvention is explained.

Referring to Figs. 4 to 8 and particularly to Figs. 6 and 8, to themechanism plate 2| is attached a bushing I06, shown in section in Fig.8. Mounted in said bushing I 06 is a shaft I0! having a film spooldriving log I08 held to the shaft I01 by a pin I09. Into the bushing I06are fitted bearing bushings III) and III, and the shaft I01 is free torotate in the said bearing bushings. Fitted to the outside of thebushing I06 is a second bushing II2. Free to rotate on the bushing H2 isa gear H3, and fitted to the said gear H3 is a second gear II4. Betweenthe gears H3 and H4 is a bushing II5 that is free to rotate on the hubof the gear H3. The bushing H5 is fitted into a hole provided thereforin a differential inner plate H6. The gears II 3 and H4 are free torotate on the bushing H2 and on the bushing II 5.

Fitted to the outer end of the bushing I06 is a bearing bushin II2a, andfree to rotate thereon is mounted a gear I I8. Upon the hub of the saidgear I I8 is mounted a ratchet wheel I I9, and upon the hub of the saidgear I I8 is also fitted a bearing I20 which is itself fitted in asuitable hole in a differential outer plate I2I. The said gear II 8 andthe ratchet wheel II9 are free to rotate on the bushing II2a and in thebushing I 20.

The right-hand end of the shaft I 01 is provided with a large diameterhead I 22 having milled thereonflats 122a, 122a, and the hub 123 of thesaid gear H8 is provided with a --suitable milled slot .into which -isfitted the head 122 01 theshaft I01. Therefore, the gear H8 and theshaft I01 are rotated together so that the shaft 107 is caused'to turnwhen the gear H8 is turned.

Fitted between the 'said differential plates l Hi, I21 are p'inions H4,125 which rotate on suitable shafts provided therefor, the shaft for thepinion 124 being indicated at I26. The shaft for the pinion 1.25 is of asimilar structure and is "indicated at 126a, being best-shown in Fig. 4.The said shafts I26 "and I260. are provided with reduced diameter endsthat are fitted into suitable holes in the saiddifierential plates H6and I2] I and are .riveted :thereto. A spacer, located "between the.said diiferential plates H6 and |2I,*is indicated at H1. The pinion 125meshes with the said gear H8 and the pinion 124 meshes wi-th'the gear 1I14, and the said'p'inions 1 24 and I25 also mesh with each other.

The mechanism just-describedconstitutes a so- :called difierential drivemechanism. Referring to Figs. 4, '6 and 8, whenpower or turning movementis applied to the gear H3, the pressure pad operating arm '84 "will bemoved in a clockwise direction, viewing Figs. 1 and 4, if the shaft I01e prevented from rotating by the ratchet "I I9 and the dog or pawl '49,or if a load be applied to the shaft I01, as for instance the turning ofthe film take-up spool 6.3, Fig. 2, through the driving dog .I 08 andthe winding of film thereon. When driving force is removed 'from thesaid gear H3, the film take-up spool 63 will, of course,-stop, andthepressure pad operating arm 8'4 will be free to be turned in acontraclockwise direction by the springs 10,10.

The mechanism just described is -fully disclosed in the said applicationof Archie Gorey, Ser. No.'623,9.13, but is not claimed therein except incombination with other features. Certain parts of that disclosure, notpertaining directly to the invention herein claimed, are shown hereinbut are not herein claimed. The showing of the above described featuresmad int-his application is necessary in order completely to describe thefunction and operation of my invention herein claimed.

The aerial camera is normally equipped with a shutter curtain rewindroll 12 H, Figs. 1 and-4,

witha capping-curtainrewind roll I 28,Figs. =1 and 4, with acapping-curtain tension roll 40-1 and a shuttercurtain tension ro'll1-29. The operationof the curtain rolls 421, 28 is fully disclosed inthe said Gorey application *Ser. No. 623,913 and need I not be hereinfurther described other than as follows, reference being madeparticularly to Figs. 1, land 5.

Mounted on a stud .on the mechanism plate 25 .isa bell crank lever .130, Figs. land 5, the-lower end whereof carries a gear 140, held to thesaid crank lever I30 by a shoulderrivet MI. The :upper end .of the bellcrank lever I30 has connected thereto an operatin link H2, Fig. 4,bymeans of ashoulder rivet M3. The opposite end of the link M2 is:provided with-an armature 145., Fig. .11, which is acted upon by .asolenoid I46. There is provided a shutter release latch 1M1 thatnormally engages a dog fl ilirupon thegearfii and prevents it fromrotating. The said shutter :release latch 14:! is caused to be turned ina clockwise direction by a \slidable :bar 4 4.9 having a :hook-like endportion I50, and theopposite end whereof is "provided with :an armature.ll 51 acted upon by a :sole- '6 noid 1'52 mdun'tedupon the saidmechanism plate 21.

' The operation of the camera, with particular reference to that portionthereof constituting my invention, is as follows:

Let it be assumed that the camera has been cycled and is in conditionfor makin an exposure. The switch 86, Fig. 1, is in a closed conditionbecause the switch-operating bar 88 is at such time being held in .itsupper position'by the cam block 91. The switch 52,Fig. 1, is at thistime in an open condition because the switch-operating bar 54 was movedto the right, viewing Fig. 1, when the camera shutter was completelywound after the previous exposure period. A circuit is at this timecompleted to the solenoid 4 52, Fig. 1, which circuit closing causes thearmature 45-1 to be moved to the left, moving with it the 'slida'ble'barHi9 and the hook L50, thus rotating the shutter release latch hil in aclockwise direction, and withdrawing the said shutter release latch i l?from the dog I48 of the gear I BI. This will allow the shutter to rundown, and in so doin the-pin 60 on'the curtain shutter gear 6| willengage the finger 58 of the sliding bar 54, moving it to the leftviewing Figs. 1 and 4, thus closin the circuit through the switch 52.This will complete a circuit through the motors 2'8, '27 and thesolenoid '|'46,.and also through the solenoid 40, because, as previouslystated, the switch '86, which is in series with the solenoid 40, isnowin. a closed condition. I

The solenoid M6, Fig. '1,'will cause the armature M5 to be moved 'to theleft and with it the link 1 42, thus swinging the bell crank lever I30in .a contraclockwise direction, thereby bringing the gear Hill and gear0i! into mesh as shown in Fig. 4. The rewinding of the shutter will .nowcommence. At the time the circuit was closed at the switch 52, thesolenoid 40 was also energized, and it caused the armature member 44 tomove in a downward direction, thus swinding the arm 36, Fig. 4, in aclockwise direction, and causing the gear '35 and the pinion 34 tobecome meshed with each other and also causing the gears 31 and 4 l3 :tobecome meshed with each other.

.At this time the differential mechanism will be in the position oftheparts shown in Fig. 1, wherein the dog 49 of the lever 4! will engageone of the teeth of the ratchet wheel I I9. As the gear H3 is turned ina contraclockwise direction by the motors 25, 2.1, the gear H4 will alsobe turned in a contraclockwise direction inasmuch as it .is integralwith the gear H3. The pinion 124 will be caused to rotate in a clockwisedirection, and since the pinion 125 is in mesh with it, the pinion I25will be caused to rotate in a contraclockwise direction. The said pinionI25 meshes with the gear H8 which would tend to turn in a clockwisedirection, :but inasmuch as the gear l 18 and the ratchet wheel H9 areheld fast with each other, the gear H8 cannot now rotate because of thefact that the ratchet wheel H9 is engaged by the dog 49, thus preventingsaid ratchet wheel H9 from rotating. Therefore, the pinion I25 will becaused to travel around the periphery of the gear I I8, and since thepinion 125 rides on the shaft 126a that is securely anchored to thedifierential plates H6, H21, such differential'plates willbe caused torotate in a contraclockwise direction, carrying with them the arm 84,which is integral with the differential plate H6.

As the arm 84 rotates in a contraclockwise direction, the link'82 willbe =moved in a downward direction, viewing Fig. 4, and the crank member8| will be turned in a clockwise direction, as will also the pressureplate operating member 13, thus lifting the pressure pad 61 from thefilm 84, as shown in Fig. 2.

By the time the said pressure pad 61 has been lifted from the film 64,the said differential plates H6, l2] will have rotated in acontraclockwise direction to the position shown in Fig. 4, in whichposition the separating pin III will engage the lower end of the lever41, withdrawing the dog 49 thereof from the teeth of the ratchet wheelH9. The gear H8 will now be allowed to rotate in a clockwise direction,viewing Fig. 4, turning with it the shaft 19'! and also the driving dogI08 and the film take-up spool 63.

The film 64 will now be wound on the said film take-up spool 63, andaround the idler roller 68, under the pressure pad 61, around themeasuring roller 65 from the film supply spool 62. This will cause theshaft 88 to rotate, turning with it the gear "54, Fig. 1, and alsorotating the gear I02, which meshes with it, until the notch 94 of theindex disk 95 reaches a position directly under the pin 93 of the switchoperating bar 88.

At this time the pin 93 will be riding on the periphery of the indexdisk 95, because as the shutter starts to rewind, the capping curtainturns the capping curtain roll I8! in a clockwise direction, turns thepinion 93 also in a clockwise direction, and turns the gear 98 in acontraclockwise direction, thus removing the cam block 91 from itsposition directly under the finger 96 of the switch operating arm 88'.When the pin 93 drops into the notch 94 of the index disk 95, the switch88 will be operated and the circuit to the solenoid 40 will beinterrupted. The spring 45, Fig. 1, will thereupon turn the member 36 ina contraclockwise direction, thereby disengaging the gears 31 and H3,and also disengaging the gear 35 and the pinion 34.

There will now be no power applied to the differential mechanism and thespring fingers In of the pressure pad 91 will cause the pressure-padoperating member 13 to be rotated in a clockwise direction, viewing Fig.2, but in a contraclockwise direction viewing Fig. 4, thus turning thecrank member 3| in a contraclockwise direction, thereby moving theconnecting link 82 in an upwardly direction and the differential arm 84in a clockwise direction, carrying with it the differential plate 5 i6and the spacer pin Ill also in a clockwise direction, and thus allowingthe dog 49 again to engage a tooth of the ratchet wheel H9, thusstopping any further movement of the film 64, and the pressure pad 6!will be forced into contact with the film 64 by the spring 10.

It will be noted that the construction and operation of the parts compelthe pressure pad 61 to be raised from contact with the film 64 before aturning motion of the film take-up spool 63 takes p ace, and that whenthe film take-up spool 63 has been stopped, due to the disengagement ofthe gears 3i and H3, the pressure pad 61 will again be immediatelyforced into contact with the film 54. This provides a positive actionand an exact correlation between the operation of the film drivemechanism and of the pressure pad 91.

The m chanism of the camera is such that the film winding will always becompleted before the camera shutter is fully rewound. Therefore, themotors 25, 21 will continue to revolve until the shutter has been fullyrewound and until the switch 52 has been opened. Just as the shutter isfully rewound, the capping curtain is released and allowed to return toan open condition, as indicated in Fig. 1, wherein the cam block 91 ofthe gear 98 will again contact with the finger 96 of the switchoperating member 88, thereby lifting the pin 93 out of the opening 94 ofthe index disk 95 and closing the switch 89. However, no current willnow flow to the solenoid 4|] to cause further rewinding of the film 64,inasmuch as at the instant when the capping curtain started to run down,the switch 52 was at that time opened by the pin 59 of the shutter gear8i, said pin 59 having engaged the finger 58 and having thereby movedthe switch bar 54 to the right, thereby opening the circuit at theswitch 52, stopping the motors 28, 21, and breaking the circuit to thesolenoid I46 controlling the shutter rewind gears.

I have herein disclosed means providing a simplified and accuratecontrol of a camera pressure pad with relation to the film drivingmechanism of the camera. While I have shown said means applied to aspecific camera or camera of a certain type, it will be apparent thatany driving means that will intermittently drive the gear I I3 asufficient distance to rewind enough film for a second exposure, willoperate entirely satisfactorily. The said means of my invention willalso operate with a different type of measuring device; that is, anymeasuring device that will impose an interruption of turning movementupon the gear I [3 may be used for operating the film feed and thepressure pad control mechanism.

It will be noted that normally the pressure pad 61 is in contact withthe film 84 at all times ex cepting when the film is being moved, andthat the pressure pad 61 is lifted from the film 64 only long enough topermit feeding of the film, or during the time when the film is actuallybeing moved. The disclosed means constituting my invention has provedhighly satisfactory in driving large film spools of the aerial cameratype at high rates of speed, and in accurately correlating the pressurepad 61 with the film movement, and it is impossible for the pressure padelements to get out of timing or synchronism with the film feed, asfrequently happens in other structures and which lack of coordinationhas been the cause of a great many camera failures.

As we hereinbefore pointed out, the feeding movement of the film causesthe pressure pad to be lifted (i. e. separated from the film). So far asI am aware this is broadly new with me, and I claim the same broadly.While in former constructions there has been a cam or equivalent whichwas intended to lift the pressure pad from the film at the proper time,the parts might not be properly assembled or may get out of correctrelative position. Also the length of the film may and does vary ondifferent rolls, or the gearing might be set a little in error. Any ofthese things would or might result in lifting the pressure pad at thewrong time.

So far as I am aware, I am the first to employ a differential movementor mechanism between the film feeding means and the pressure pad. Itsuse in the described connection insures accuracy of operation and asynchronization of the movement of the parts.

Having thus described one illustrative embodiment of the invention, itis to be understood that although specific terms are employed, they areused in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes oflimitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the followingclaims.

assspi c I claim;

1. A photographie camera. having, an exposurev opening and.- having,means. to receive and: support a film. supply spool. and. a. film.take-up. spool in functioning relation to. said-exposure opening, film.feeding; means. including means. to rotate said. take-up; spool to feedintermittently the supported film lengthwise ftomthe supply spool to thesaid take-up spool, apressure pad mounted for movement toand. from theface-of the film when extending. acrossthe exposure opening, thereby to.hold said-film flatwise. in

position at said exposureop ening, when stationary and to remove:pressure: from. the filmfor the periods. the latter is-being fed;meanscoa-cting in operationwith. the: said film feeding. means. and

with thesaid. pressure pad and. operatively con.- nectedwith. both said.filml take-up spool of. the. said film. feeding means and with saidpressure pad and interposed; betweensaid. film. take-up 5130012 andsaid. pressure pad; and constituting mechanism. whereby thepressure-padis positively lifted from. contact with theifilm before thefilm starts. to move, said co-acting means including differentialmechanism operatively connected with said filmi feeding meansand-withsaid pressure pad,. whereby the: differential. movement of saiddifferential mechanism acts to withdraw the pressurepad from its.contact. with. thev face: of the film.

2. A photographic camera in accordance with claim 1, but whereinv said.differential. mechanism and said. co-acting; means: include a shaft:provided. with a. gear,. means to hold said. shaft and its said. gearstationary at times,-.oper-ating. connections. between. said shaft anditslgea-r. and the film. feeding means, and gearing, meshing with saidgear. and operatively connected: with said pressure. pad, whereby when.said: shaft and itssaid gear are. held stationary, the said gearingmeshing with. the said gear and connected with the. pressure pad,, iscausedto travel bodily about the said geanandthereby toimpart-liftingmove ment to the said pressure. pad.

3. A photographic camera for making. successive exposures upon a.sensitized film carried thereby comprising a camera housing. having anexposure opening and having a focal plane curtain shutter mounted insaid. housing, and mechanismtocarry through a succession of cameracycles. for thezmaking: of a successionlofi pictures. uponi sai'd--unexposed film, each cycle in;- cluding. feeding intermittently thesupported sensitized. filmx for exposing successivev areas" of the 1pm,.rewinding, the shutter causing a pressure pad to contactw-ith thesensitized surface of the film. while the latter is stationary, andcausing. separation. of. the pressurez: pad from the sensitized. fil-'m.very shortly before the winding movement. of. the film begins after'eachexposure, and returning the pressurer pad" to contact.- with the filmupon. completion of the feeding: movement thereof preceding:theexposure. of an area thereof, saidmechanism including for thatpurpose the following; means including a film supporting. spool and a.film take-upspool to support. a sensitized: filmg. the said film: feed:-ing means including meansto impart ro tative movement to said film.takeup spool, a pressure pad. to engage fiatwise a surface of' thesensitized. film. whenever thesa -id film is. not being,- fed, and.differential mechanism: coacting. in. operation with. the. said: filmfeeding means and. with the. said. pressure pad and;

op'erat'ively connecwd. withbothsaidfilm; takesup spool. of. said film.feeding means. and with. said.

pressure pad and; interposed. between said film take-up spoollandisaidipressure pad;v and providing a film. feed mechanismiwherein the pressurepad is positively lifted from contact with the film. before. the. filmstarts to. move, but wherein the act of feeding, the film; and theseparating of the pressure. pad. from the sensitized. filmw occur. very.nearly simultaneously. 7

4. Means for operating the pressure pad of a photographic cameracomprising, in combination means to. support av film including a filmsupply spool anda film take-up spool',,fil'm feeding means includingmeans to rotate said film take-up spool, a pressure-pad to. engagefl'atwi'se the surface or the film whenever the film is not being fed,means co-act'ing. in operation with. the said film feeding means and?with. the said pressure pad and operatively connected with both saidfiImJtake-up spoolofl the" said film feeding'means: and. with saidpressure pad and interposed be.- tween said film take-up spool and said.pressure pad, and -constitutingfilm feed mechanism wherein the pressurepadisipositively lifted from contact with the film before the filmstart'sto. move, and whereby the act of" feeding the film and theseparation of the pressure pad from the sensi tized film occur verynearly simultaneously, said co-acting means including differentialmechanism which has means holding one part thereof stationary andcausing another part thereof engaging the; said part held stationary totravel about such part' held' stationary, and by such traveling movementto remove the pressure pad from contact with the film. very shortlybefore said take-up spoolis rotated in the film feeding movement;

5. Means for operating the pressure pad of a. photographic cameracomprising, in combination, means to support a film including a filmsupply spool and a film take-up spool, film feeding means including,"means to rotate said film take-up spool, a pressure pad to engageflatwise' the surface of the film whenever the film is not" being fed;means coacting' in operation with thesaid film feeding means and withthe saidpressure-pad and operatively connected with both said' filmtake-up spool of the said film feeding means and with said pressure padand interposed between said film take-up spool and said pressure pad,and constituting film feed mechanism wherein the pressure pad ispositively lifted from contact with the film before the film starts tomove, and whereby the act of feeding the film and the separation of thepressure pad from the sensitized film occurvery nearly simultaneously,said cor-acting means including differential mechanism which has a gear,means acting predeterminedly to hold said gear temporarily fromrotation; another gear-in mesh with said gear predeterminedly heldtemporarily from rotation and which, when such gear is so heldfromrotathan, is caused to travel along the periphery of the gearso heldstationary, a part' whereon said second mentioned gear is mounted and;which, by the traveling action of said second mentioned gear; isitselfcaused to move, and bysuch movement of the part? whereont said? secondmentioned gear is=mounted;.a'ctsito remove. the pressure pad fromcontact with thefilm very-shortly before said take up" spool isrotated.the film feeding movement.

6; In. a photographic cameras for the. taking: of

still pictures, means for operating: the. pressure pad of such cameracomprising, in combination, means to support a film including a filmsupporting spool and a film take-up spool, film feeding means includingmeans to rotate said film take-up spool to feed the film by a directpulling action thereon by rotating movement of said film take-up spool,a pressure pad to engage flatwise the surface of the film whenever thefilm is not being fed, and means between and operatively connected bothto the film feeding means and to the pressure pad, and therebytransmitting its movement to said pressure pad, to remove the pressurepad from contact with the film very shortly before rotative movementoccurs of said film take-up spool of the said feeding means, suchoperatively connected means including differential mechanism which hasmeans holding one part thereof stationary and causing another partthereof engaging with the said part held stationary to travel about suchpart held stationary, and by such traveling movement to remove thepressure pad from contact with the film through such differentialmechanism and very shortly before the said rotative movement of saidfilm take-up spool begins.

'7. A photographic camera for the taking of still pictures by makingsuccessive exposures upon a sensitized film carried thereby comprising acamera housing having an exposure opening and having a focal planecurtain shutter mounted in said housing, and mechanism to carry througha succession of camera cycles for the making of a succession of picturesupon said unexposed film, each cycle including feeding intermittently Ithe supported sensitized film for exposing successive areas of the film,rewinding the shutter, causing a pressure pad to contact with thesensitized surface of the film while the latter is stationary, andcausing separation of the pressure pad from the sensitized film veryshortly before the winding movement of the film begins after eachexposure, and returning the pressure pad to contact with the film uponcompletion of the feeding movement thereof preceding the exposure of anarea thereof, said mechanism including for that purpose means includinga film supply spool and a film take-up spool to support a sensitizedfilm to be intermittently fed, film feeding means including means torotate said film take-up spool to feed intermittently the sensitizedfilm solely by imparting len thwise pulling tension thereto. thereby towind the film from the said film supply spool to said film takeup spoolpast the film exposure area of the camera, a pressure-pad-like membersupported to engage flatwise the surface of the film when stationary,between the feeding movements thereof, and thereby to hold the film whennot being fed. and differential mechanism co-acting in operation withthe said film feeding means and with the said pressure pad member andoperatively connected with both said film take-up spool of the filmfeeding means and said pressure pad member and interposed between saidfilm take-up spool and said pressure pad memher, and constituting a filmfeed mechanism wherein the pressure pad is positively lifted fromcontact with'the film very shortly before the film starts to move, andwhereby the act of feeding the filin and the separation of the pressurepad from the sensitive film occur very nearly simultaneously, therebythrough said operatively connected co-acting differential mechanismcompelling the immediate separation of the pressure-pad-like member fromits fiatwise'engagement with the surface of the film.

' 8. Means to withdraw the pressure pad of a still-picture photographiccamera from the face of the film strip mounted in the camera very nearlysimultaneously with the commencement of the act of feeding the film,comprising, in combination, a still-picture photographic camera havingmeans including a film supply spool and a film take-up spool to supporta film therein, means including means to rotate said film takeup spoolto impart a lengthwise, forward pulling, feeding movement to said filmto feed the same to present an unexposed area of the film for exposure,a pressure pad supported in the camera for movement away from andreverse movement against the face of the film, and differentialmechanism connected to said film take-up spool and to said pressure padand interposed between said means for imparting feeding movement to thefilm and said pressure pad, and operatively connected to and co-actingwith the said pressure pad, thereby to compel the immediate separationof the pressure pad from the face of the film very nearly simultaneouslywith the beginning of the film feeding movement, but very slightlybefore the beginning of said film feeding movement.

9. A photographic camera for making successive exposures upon asensitized film carried thereby comprising a camera housing having anexposure opening and having a focal plane curtain shutter mounted insaid housing, and mechanism to carry through a succession of cameracycles for the making of a succession of pictures upon said unexposedfilm, each cycle including feeding intermittently the supportedsensitized film for exposing successive areas of the film, rewinding theshutter, causing a pressure pad to contact with the sensitized surfaceof the film while the latter is stationary, and causing separation ofthe pressure pad from the sensitized film very shortly before thewinding movement of the film begins after each exposure, and returningthe pressure pad to contact with the film upon completion of the feedingmovement thereof preceding the exposure of an area thereof, saidmechanism including for that purpose a film supporting spool and a filmtakeup spool to support a sensitized film, film feeding means includingmeans to rotate said film take-up spool, thereby to feed the sensitizedfilm by imparting lengthwise tension thereto, thereby to wind the samefrom said film supporting'spool onto said film take-up spool, a pressurepad-like member supported to engage flatwise the surface of thesensitized film, and thereby hold the same when not being fed, and meansco-acting in operation with the said film feeding means and with thesaid pressure pad-like member and operatively connected with both saidfilm take-up spool of the said film feeding means and with said pressurepad-like member, and interposed between said film take-up "spool andsaid pressure pad-like member, and including differential mechanismconnected to said pressure pad-like member, thereby to move said padlikemember to separate the same from the film in each camera cycle, bymovement of said differential mechanism, and also including meansconstituting a part of the mechanism to carry through the succession ofcamera cycles to initiate the action of said differential mechanism ineach such cycle, thereby providing a film feed mechanism for the camerawherein the pressure pad-like member is posicamarativel yseparated fromcontact with the: sensitized film strip before the sensitized filmstarts? to move; and whereby the act of; feedingthe senisitized filmand. the separation of the pressure pad-like member therefrom occur.very nearly simultaneously.

10. A photographic camera for making sue..- cessive exposures upon asensitized film carried thereby comprisinga camera housing having anexposure opening and having a focal; plane. cur.- tain shutter mountedinsaid'housing, and mechanism to carry through a succession of cameracycles for the making of a successionof pictures upon said unexposedfilm, each cycle including. feeding intermittently. the supported:sensitized film for exposing successive areas of; the film; rewind'ingthe shutter, causing a pressure pad to contact with the sensitizedsurface; of thesfilm whilethe latter is stationary, and causing separa:tion of thepressurepad from the" sensitized film very shortly' before.the winding movement of the film begins after each exposure, andreturning the pressure: pad to contact with the film upon completion ofthe feeding movement there.- of preceding the exposure of an areathereof; said mechanism including for that purposefilm supportingineansincluding a film supply spool and a film take-up spool, film feedingmeans including means to rotate said film take-up spool, a. pressure padto engage the film when stationary and to be withdrawn from the face of.the film during film feeding movement, and; means coacting in operationwith the film feeding. means and with the pressure pad and operativelyconnected with both said film take-up spool of the said film feedingmeans and with said pressure pad and interposed between said film take:-up spool and said pressure pad, and including differential mechanismconnected to said. pressure pad, thereby to move said pressure pad toseparate the same from the film in each camera cycle by movement of saiddifferential mechanism, and also including means; constituting a part ofthe mechanism for carrying. through the camera cycle, to initiate theaction of said differential mechanism in such cycle, thereby providing afilm feed mechanism. for the camera wherein the pressure pad member ispositively separated from contact'with the said sensitized film stripbefore the sensitized: film starts to move, said co-actingmeansinclud'ing a shaft, and means to. turn said shaft to. withdraw:thepressure pad from and to restore it to. contact with the film, saidmeans to turn said shaft in cluding as a part of said differentialmechanisma. crank connected to said shaft'and' a link connected to saidcrank and. a mechanism plate secured to the camera structure and havinga slot therein receiving an end of said link.

11. A photographic camera for making successive exposures upon asensitized film carried thereby comprising a camera housing having anexposure opening and having a focal plane curtain shutter mounted insaid housing, and mechanism to carry through a succession of cameracycles for the making of a succession of pictures upon said unexposedfilm', each cycle including feeding intermittently the supportedsensitized film for exposing successive areas of the film, rewinding theshutter, causing a-prese sure pad to. contact withthe sensitized surfaceof the film while the latter is stationary, and. causing separation: ofthe. pressure.- pad from. the sensitized. film very: shortly before; thewinding.

movement: of: the film; beginsv after;each.eimasure,v

and; returning; the pressure: pad to. contact; with the film uponcompletion: of the; feedinginoye merit thereofprecedingthe: exposure ofan area thereof,, said mechanism including. for; that: purpose fil'misupporting means including; a: film Supply spool and% a. film take-upspool, film feeding: means. including means to rotate said film take upvspool,. a. pressure pad to: engage the film. when stationary'and-L tobe: withdrawn from thefaceiof'thesfilm. duringfilm feeding movement; andmeansj cor-acting: in: operation with the; film feeding means and withthe pressure pad and operativelyi connectedfwltrr both. said filmtake-up spool? of; the saich film feeding means. and. with said;pressure:- pad; and"interposed: between said mm. take-up: spool; andsaid. pressure pad, and including differential mechanism, connected tosaid. pressure.- pad, thereby to move: said pressure pad: to; separatethe same from the film. in. each cameras cycle. by movement of saiddifferential: mechanism; and also including means constituting; apartof. the mechanism; for carrying;- through the camera. cyclato initiatethe actiorrof said differential?mechanism: in. such cycle; thereby"providing; a. film feed mechanismfor the camera wherein: the: pressurepad member: is positively' separated from contact. with the saidsensitized; strip: before; the: sensitized. film starts.- to :move;saidr cos-acting: means including a shaft; and: means; to tum said:shaft: to withdraw the-pressure. padimm and toirestore it tocontactwith; the: film, said: means: to turn said shaft in.- cluding a.crankccnnectedto. said. shaft and a link connected to said. crank, andmeans including means coordinating'in action. with. the; film. feeding:means: acting: through said crank. and. link to: turn said shaft; and:thereby lift the pressure pad; from the; film;

1 21A; photographic: camerav for making sue.- cessive: exposures upon.a. sensitized film carried thereby comprising;- a camera housing havingan exposure: opening; and... having. a focal plane. curtainshuttermountediinsaid housing, andmechanism: to carrythrongh. a.succession of camera cycles. for the. making of: a succession ofvpictures upon said unexposed: film, each cycle including feedingintermittently the supported" sensitized film for exposing successiveareas of the film, rewinding; the shutter, causing a pressure pad tocontact; with the sensitized. surface of the film while: the: latterisstationary;. and causing sepiaraticn. of the: pressure pad from thevsensitized film-lvery shortly before-the winding'movement of the: film:begins-.- after: each; exposure. and returningtheipressure-paditovcontact with the film upon completion: of the:feeding movement thereof preeceding the; exposure of. an area thereof,said mechanism;includingv for that" purpose film sup- .portingmeana forthe sensitized. film including i a. fiIm-suppIyspoQLanda film take-upspool, and

, tux-e said. electric: circuit having; means to energize said. magnet;when: sensitized: film. is to be fed: one step: by: said. electrically?operated means, thereby the melt saidjrocker; member to bring a gearcarriedi said: rocker member into meshing.

75.. relation.- withzsaid. rewinm gear; whereby said gears being heldfrom turning movement by said ;ratchet wheel when the latter le -engagedby :saidn 'lli film is fed a single step following the exposure of asensitized area thereof.

13. A construction in accordance with claim 12, wherein there isprovided a pinion upon said rocker member, and there is also provided acoacting gear, said pinion and said co-acting gear constituting a partof the film feeding means, the said co-acting gear being turned in onedirection when the said electric motor in the circuit is rotated torewind the shutter, and gearing connections between said co-acting gearand said shutter.

14. A photographic camera comprising film supporting means for thesensitized film including a film supply spool and a film take-up spool,and electrically operated means for intermittently feeding thesensitized film for the next exposure by rotating said film take-upspool, including an electric circuit, a motor therein, a train ofgearing driven by said motor including a film rewind gear, a pivotedgear-carrying rocker member having an arm provided with an armature,

a film clutch magnet in said circuit to rock said member by actingelectrically upon said armature, said electric circuit having means toengage said magnet when sensitized film is to be fed one step by saidelectrically operated means, thereby to rock said rocker member to bringa gear carried by said rocker member into meshing relation with saidfilm rewind gear, whereby said ,,3 film is fed a single step followingthe exposure of a sensitized area thereof, a gear train mounted in partupon said rocker member, a differential drive mechanism alsoconstituting a portion of said gear train, a pressure pad having anoperatas ing shaft, and means operatively connecting said shaft and saidgear train to cause the pressure pad to be raised from engagement withthe film before the film is fed by the film feeding means and to bereturned to engagement with the filmgo upon the cessation of filmfeeding movement.

15. A construction in accordance with claim 14, wherein there isprovided a differential gear assembly including two co-acting gears, twopinions meshing respectively with said co-acting ,45 gears, a ratchetwheel mounted adjacent said rocker member, a dog to engage with saidratchet wheel to hold said ratchet wheel from rotation upon initiationof film feeding movement occasioned by rotating said film take-up spool,a .50 gear upon said rocker member constituting a portion of said geartrain, two gears co-axially mounted with respect to said ratchet wheel,one of said gears being held from turning movement by said ratchet,thereby causing the entire gear as-,- c5 sembly, excepting said ratchetwheel and the other co-axially mounted gear to be turned, and saidpressure pad being operatively connected to said gear assembly, theposition of which pressure pad is changed with respect to the face ofthe film by said movement of said gear assembly.

16. A construction in accordance with claims 14, wherein there isprovided a differential gear assembly including two co-acting gears, twopinions meshing respectively with said co-acting-105 "gears, a ratchetwheel mounted adjacent said rocker member, a dog to engage with saidratchet wheel to hold said ratchet wheel from rotation upon initiationof filmfeeding movement occaupon said rocker member constituting aportion of said gear train, two gears co-axially mounted with respect tosaid ratchet wheel, one of said dog, thereby causing the entire gearassembly, excepting said ratchet wheel and the other coaxially mountedgear, to be turned, the operating connections from said differentialgear to said pressure pad operating shaft including a connecting linkand a crank connected to said link and to said shaft, whereby thepressure pad is removed from engagement with the face of the film,thereby providing mechanism whereby the pressure pad is positivelylifted from contact with the film before the film starts to move.

17. A photographic camera in accordance with claim 9, but wherein thesaid differential mechanism includes means holding one part of saiddifferential mechanism stationary and causing another part thereofengaging the said part held stationary to travel about said part heldstationary, and by such traveling movement to remove thepressure-pad-like member from contact with the film very shortly beforesaid takeup spool is rotated in the film feeding movement. I 18. Aphotographic camera in accordance with claim 9, but wherein the saiddifferential mechanism includes a gear, means acting predeterminedly tohold said gear temporarily from rotation, another gear in mesh with saidgear predeterminedly held temporarily from rotation and which, when suchgear is so held from rotation, is caused to travel along the peripheryof the gear, so held stationary, a part whereon said second mentionedgear is mounted and which, by

:to engage with said ratchet wheel to hold said ratchet wheel fromrotation upon initiation of film feeding movement occasioned by rotatingthe film take-up spool, a gear co-axially mounted with respect to saidratchet wheel, and with one of said two co-acting gears, one of saidco-axially mounted gears being held from turning movement by saidratchet wheel when the latter -is engaged by said dog, thereby causingthe entire 'gear assembly, excepting said ratchet wheel and one of saidco-axially mounted gears, to be turned.

20. A photographic camera in accordance with claim 9, but wherein thedifferential movement .of said differential mechanism begins very nearlysimultaneously with the commencement of a lengthwise feeding movement ofthe sensitized film by said film feeding means, to withdraw thepressure-pad-like member from contact with the sensitized face of thefilm, and wherein interposed between and operatively connecting thepressure-pad-like member and said differential mechanism there isprovided a link that is moved by said differential mechanism and a crankmember connected to said link, said pressure-pad-like V qmember having apivotal shaft to which said sioned by rotating said film take-up spool,a gear crank member is connected.

21. A photographic camera in accordance with claim 9, but wherein thedifferential movement :of said differential mechanism occurs very nearly.simultaneously with the commencement of a lengthwise feeding movementof the sensitized film by said film feeding means, to withdraw thepressure-pad-like member from contact with the sensitized face of thefilm, and wherein operatively connected with the shutter operatingmechanism of the camera, there is provided a link, a gear operativelyrelated thereto, a pivoted arm that is moved upon the rewinding of theshutter and has two gears mounted thereon, and which pivoted arm, uponswinging movement thereof, causes two of said gears to meshand alsocauses said other of said gears to mesh with a gear of the differentialmechanism.

22. A photographic camera comprising film supporting means for thesensitized film including a film supply spool and a film take-up spool,and electrically operated means for intermittently feeding thesensitized film for the next ex-- posure by rotating said film take-upspool, including an electric circuit, a motor therein, a train ofgearing driven by said motor including .a film rewind gear, a pivotedgear-carrying rocker member having an arm provided with an armature, afilm clutch magnet in said circuit to rock said member by actingelectrically upon said armature, said electric circuit having means toenergize said magnet when sensitized film is to be fed one step by saidelectrically operated means, thereby to rock said rocker member to bringa gear carried by .said rocker member into meshing relation with saidfilm rewind gear, whereby said film is fed a single step following theexposure of a sensitized area thereof, there being provided a co-actingelement of the film feeding means, a gear H4, a ratchet wheel coaxialwith said gear, and a dog to engagewith the teeth of said ratchet wheel,thereby to hold said ratchet wheel and said gear from rotation uponinitiation of film feeding movement, and there being providedmovement-controlling means in mesh with said gear and the movementwhereof is affected by the holding from rotation of said co-axial gearand ratchet wheel.

.23. A photographic camera comprising film supporting means for thesensitized film including a film supply spool and a film take-up spool,and electrically operated means for intermittently feeding thesensitized film for the next exposure by rotating said film take-upspool, including an electric circuit, a motor therein, a train ofgearing driven by said motor including a film rewind gear, a pivotedgear-carrying rocker member having an arm provided with an armature, afilm clutch magnet in said circuit to rock said member by actingelectrically upon said armature, said electric circuit having means toenergize said magnet when sensitized film is to be fed one step by said.electrically operated means, thereby to rock said rocker member to bringa gear carried by said rocker member into meshing relation with saidfilm rewind gear, whereby said film is fed a single step following theexposure of a sensitized area thereof, there being provided a gear i L?in mesh with one of the gears carried by said rocker member, a ratchetwheel co-axial and fast with. said gear H3, and a latch member having adog to engage with said ratchet wheel, thereby to hold said gear H3 andsaid ratchet wheel from rotation upon initiation of film feedingmovement, and movement-controlling means in mesh with said gear H3 and,

the movement whereof is affected by the holding from rotation of saidco-axial gear H3 and said ratchet wheel.

24. Means for operating the pressure pad of a photographic cameracomprising, in combination,

. 18 means to support a film, film feedin means, pressure pad to engagefiatwise the surface of the film whenever the film is not being fed, andmeans operatively connecting in action the film feeding means to thepressure pad, thereby to remove the pressure pad from contact with thefilm by the action of the said film feeding means, and only while thefilm is being fed, such connecting means including differential means,said differential means including a gear, a movable arm carrying othergears, means to move said arm to bring one of the gears carried by thesaid arm into mesh with said first mentioned gear, means to hold saidfirst mentioned gear from ro tation, another gear meshing with saidfirst men tioned gear and which, when said first mentioned gear is heldstationary, is itself caused to travel bodily along the periphery of thegear so held stationary, a movable member whereon is supported the gearthat is caused to travel bodily, and pressure pad operatin meansconnected to said movable member and to said pressure pad to move thelatter, thereby separating it from the film when the latter is caused tomove by the film feeding means. 1

25. A construction in accordance with claim 24, but wherein the means tomove said movable arm, and thereby to bring a gear thereof into meshwith the first mentioned gear, is a solenoid.

26. Means for operating the pressure pad of a photographic cameracomprising, in combination, means including a film supporting spool anda film take-up spool to support a film, film feeding means includingmeans to impart rotative movement'to said film and take-up spool, apressure pad to engage fiatwise the surface of :the film whenever thefilm is not being fed; and means operatively connecting in action thefilm feed ing means to the pressure pad, thereby to remove the pressurepad from contact with the film by the action of the said film feedingmeans in imparting rotative movement to said film take-up spool, andonly while the film is being fed, such connecting means includingdifferential means, said differential means including a gear H8, aratchet co-axial with and movable with said gear H8, a latch member toengage and thereby hold from turning movement said ratchet, a movablearm having a gear 31, two gears H3 and H4 integral with each other andco-axial with the gear H8, said gears 31 and H3 being brought into meshby a movement of the said arm, a-movably mounted pressure pad operatingarm having thereon two gears I24 and E25 meshing with each other andalso meshing respectively with said gears H4 and H8, and which gears I24and H5, when gear H8 is held stationary upon its own axis, are caused totravel bodily along the periphery of said gears I Hi and l l8, andoperating connections between said pressure pad operating arm and thesaid pressure pad, to move said pad away from the surface of the filmwhen the latter is fed by the film feeding means.

2'7. Means for operating the pressure pad of a photographic cameracomprising, in combination, means includin a film supporting spool and afilm take-up spool to support a film, film feeding means including meansto impart rotative movement to said film and take-up spool, a pressurepad to engage fiatwise the surface of the film whenever the film is notbeing fed, and means operatively connecting in action the film feedingmeans to the pressure pad, thereb to remove the pressure pad fromcontact with the film by the action of the said film feeding means, andonly while the film is being fed, such connecting means includingdifferential means, said differential means including a gear II8, aratchet co-axial with and movable with said gear H8, a latch member toengage and thereby hold from turning movement said ratchet, a movablearm having a gear 31, gears I I 3 and I I4 integral with each other andco-axial with the gear H8, said gears 31 and II 3 being brought intomesh by a movement of the said arm, a movably mounted pressure padoperating arm having thereon gears I24 and I25 meshing with each otherand also meshing respectively with said gears I I4 and I I8, and whichgears I24 and. I25, when gear H8 is held stationary upon its own axis,are caused to travel bodil along the periphery of said gears I I4 and II 8, a link connected to the said pressure pad operating arm, and acrank member connected to the said link and also connected to thepressure pad, thereby to move the latter away from the face of the film:when the latter is fed by the film feedin means.

28. In a photographic camera, film supporting means including a filmsupporting spool and a film take-up spool, film feeding means includingmeans to rotate said film take-up spool, a pressure pad to engage thefilm when stationary and to be withdrawn from engagement therewiththroughout and occasioned by the film feeding movement, said pressurepad havin a shaft, means to turn said shaft to withdraw the pressure padfrom the film throughout rotative-film take-up feeding movement of saidfilm take-up spool and to restore it to contact with the film, saidmeans to turn said shaft for said purpose including a crank connected tosaid shaft, 3, link connected to said crank, a differential armconnected to said link, two, parallel, spaced, differential plates fastwith and. carried by said arm, and differential drive mechanism mountedbetween said differential plates, said differential drive mechanismincluding two gears mounted to rotate freely, another gear, a ratchetwheel fast with said last mentioned gear, two pinions carried by saiddifferential plates, meshing with each other and respectively meshingwith said two first-mentioned gears, a dog mounted so as periodically toengage with teeth of the said ratchet wheel, thereby to hold it and thesaid gear that is fast therewith from turning and thereby causing one ofsaid pinions to travel bodily along the periphery of the gear that isfast with the ratchet wheel, thereby causing the differential plates toturn, thereby moving the said arm and the said link so as thereby toturn the said crank member so as to turn the said shaft, and therebylift the pressure pad from the film by rotative movement of the saidfilm take-up spool acting through said differential drive mechanism.

29. Mechanism in accordance with claim 28, but wherein said twodifferential plates are provided with means to move the dog out ofengagement with the said ratchet wheel at the end of the said turninmovement of said differential plates, so as again to permit rotativemovement of said ratchet wheel.

30. Mechanism in accordance with claim 28, but wherein there is provideda shaft carrying two of said gears, and wherein there is also mountedupon said shaft another gear adapted to be rotated from a source ofmovement.

31. Mechanism in accordance with claim 28, but :wherein there isprovided a shaft carrying two of said gears, and wherein there is alsomounted upon said shaft another gear, and wherein there is provided arocker arm having a gear adapted to mesh at times with one of saidgears, and a train of gearing to rotate said gear that is on the rockerarm, and film rewind gear having a pinion adapted periodically to movewith a gear of said train of gears.

LOUIS D. NADEL,

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,366,363 Darby Jan. 25, 19211,427,575 Brenkert Aug. 29, 1922 2,115,014 Drager Apr. 26, 19382,138,068 Mulch Nov. 29, 1938 2,180,028 Wittel Nov. 14, 1939 2,213,746Schubert Sept. 3, 1940 2,231,765 Landrock Feb. 11, 1941 2,233,239Baumgartner Feb. 25, 1941 2,362,813 Gorey et a1 Nov. 14, 1944 2,393,534Hineline Jan. 22, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 148,744 GreatBritain Dec. 2, 1920

